Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Essay

Best Novel of the Twentieth Century Alfred Nobel gave his last name to one of the most prestigious literature prizes today. He specified that the award should go to ‘the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in the ideal direction’ (Cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005) Over the years the criteria the prize was awarded on kept on changing along with the changing times. â€Å"In 1964, the French philosopher, novelist and playwright Jean-Paul Sarte voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. † (Danson and Gupta, 2005, p. 212) The prize for the best novel of the twentieth century will follow guidelines that perhaps even Sartre would consider just and accept the prize if it were offered to him. Today, the Nobel Prize is regarded as one of the highest honors in literature but there was a period in history when Sartre’s refusal threatened its universality of honor. Five years later, Samuel Beckett received the award and the Nobel Prize gained back some of its authority as a universal honor. Becket had contemplated whether he should accept the award or not because he realized the recent controversy arisen by Sarte’s rejection but did not want to simply mimic his actions. (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 213-4) â€Å"The Booker Prize was launched in 1968 to provide a benchmark for the ‘best of contemporary British fiction’ by awarding a prize for what was deemed to be, in the joint opinion of the judges selected by the management committee, the most outstanding novel by a ‘British or Commonwealth writer’ in any given year. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) Tom Maschler found the booker prize and can be viewed as a successful marketer of his time. His goal was to ensure that serious British fiction gains market share through public relation-ing efforts, specifically, the use of touch programs. He did for books back in the 1960’s for books, what people do for movies now: create a lot of hype before the release date, a lot of publicity, and going big at the box office. Stated by Iyer in 1993, â€Å"the Booker [had become] London’s way of formally commemorating and coronating literary tradition †¦ the closest thing in writing to the movies’ Academy† (cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 295) â€Å"Plato suggests that literature is not an end in itself; it has a broader social responsibility which imposes a duty on poets to make sure that their works are not immoral or untrue. Poetry and art in general have fundamental responsibilities to the society that produces them. If poets are unwilling to tether their imitations of life to the demands of that society, Plato argues, then they should be kicked out of the republic. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) This idea by Plato is the concept behind instrumentalism. If Plato was alive today, he would condone ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ all the way. Just like any big corporation should be held responsible for what its actions are outside of producing a certain product or service, Plato believed that poet was responsible for what he was producing. In reality, Corporate Social Responsibility, if analyzed in the long run, can be the best thing for a company. If a company carries out its duties other than delivering a great product to society, it gains the people’s trust, maintains goodwill, and cashes in on the steady profits in the long term. In the same light, according to Plato, a poet must create poetry responsibly and cater to the needs and demands of his society. In doing this, the poet must create works that might eventually become simply a thing that society demands. By doing this, literature looses its essence and becomes simply what the public wants but to create continuously what the public wants and have it accepted by them is an art of its own. To observe the cycle like this, Plato’s simple theory of producing work responsibly becomes producing work to cater to a specific demand, which then becomes a sort of artistic economics, and simply a work of beauty like Oscar Wilde’s. For this reason, instrumentalism or aestheticism alone cannot be the judge of good literature. Basically, both the Nobel and Booker were found to expand British literature, the former by means of transforming the judging criteria from time to time and the later by 21st century marketing tactics. â€Å"A neo-Kantian might advise the Nobel or Booker judges as follows: derive your standards for judging literary works themselves rather than by following extant rules of literary judgment; look to exemplary works of genius for guidance in judging the work before you; treat such works as models, and never reduce them to a list of determinate rules, formulae or precepts. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 203) Keeping in mind the advice given by the neo-Kantian the new prize for the best novel of the twentieth century will weigh the literatures strength according to its aesthetics, instruments, and modernist views. The goal of the prize is not to simply canonize a work of literature or deem it best because beauty is a more important characteristic than content or vice versa. The goal is to view the work for it is, just like a human being, and appreciate what it intends to do or tell. Like the age old example of ‘apples and oranges’, the prize will look at each work for what it is. A work may not be deemed the best simply because it is more inclined towards Wilde’s criteria or Plato’s criteria. No one will be thrown out of ‘The Republic’ but instead the competition will be different because the apples will be competing against the other apples and the oranges against the other but not against each others. In other words, a work may be the best aesthetic piece of literature or the best instrumentalist literature. The winner will be the work which tells of something deeply moving and presents new ideas that are life changing way in the most beautiful manner possible. The winner will the perfect blend of apples and oranges and the runner up will be the best apple, the best orange, or the less perfect blend of the two. â€Å"†¦Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Joris-Karl Huysmans advocated a view of art which denied that it should have any moral, political or social function. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 4) Cuddon stated in 1982 that â€Å"art for art’s sake† (cited in Danson and Gupta, 2005) was the fundamental of aestheticism. When we consider Virginia Woolf’s novel Orlando, it has all the elements of beautifully portrayed writing and meaning and content. What causes this text to be the winner of the prize for the best book of the twentieth century is that as time went on, the books purpose and meaning evolved. â€Å"In a survey of the Nobel Prize, Kjell Espmark (1999) discerns the following phases: from 1901 to 1912, prizes were given to writers who demonstrated ‘a lofty and sound idealism’; from 1912 to 1920, a ‘literary policy of [political] neutrality’ was followed; in the 1920s, award winners were marked as a possessing a classical ‘great style’; in the 1930s, ‘universal interest’ was considered key; from 1946 to 1977, writers were chosen who had made a ‘pioneering’ contribution; from 1978 to 1985, attention was given to ‘unknown masters’; from 1986 onwards, the emphasis had been on recognizing the literary productions of the ‘whole world’†(Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 211) Unlike the Nobel prize and its changing criteria over the years, Orlando was viewed differently as time went on. â€Å"We read Orlando now most often as a feminist work that explores the boundaries of gender and sexuality and the limits of women writers within literary history, or as a sharp critique on the possibilities of biography. But Orlando was often first read by its contemporary audience as a gossipy portrait of Vita Sackville-West. †(Tetterton, 1995) When the novel was first written it was a mere work of comedic art with no instrumental purpose but to paint a certain portrait of someone. Virginia Woolf’s writing is difficult to read and understand because of the transitions she makes and her style of writing. Back in the day, this novel was, â€Å"†¦taken as the delightful joke that Woolf herself claimed it to be. It was a hugely successful joke — not just critically, but financially as well, both in England and America. It was Orlando that enabled the Woolf’s to purchase their first car, and it put them on stable financial footing for the rest of their lives. † (Tetterton, 1995) The novel perhaps served an instrumental purpose to the Woold family but not society, it was viewed as a work of fiction and no action was taken against it because of the hints of lesbianism since the main character was a man when he fell in love the princess. This work could be simply viewed as ‘art for the sake of art’ at the time by the audience but it had a greater purpose. Some say that it was a secretly a love letter to the woman Virginia Woolf loved. When we read Orlando now we pay more attention to the gender issues present in the book. The book was not viewed as an important work I feminine and lesbian literature back in the day because none of the feminist movements had occurred yet. When we look at the work now we can’t help but get a sense of what Woolf was really trying to say. It was only in the later years that the work evolved from simply aesthetical and comical to instrumental. Woolf shed’s light on the issue of lesbianism and gets away with it in the era where other writers were being banned for bringing up the same subjects. She fulfils the purpose of feministic liberation because after the 300 years the main character becomes a liberated and free woman in the early nineties. These demands were initially not required by society and no one but Virginia and her contemporaries who felt the same way craved the need for someone to bring about this revolution. Today, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando caters to the demands of society and the feminist revolution that is still shaping itself and the freedom of exploring one’s sexuality freely. Virginia created the perfect blend of aestheticism and instrumentalism with the aide of time. In the century that it was written in, the novel served its aesthetic purpose and in the next century it the audience learnt to look at its real instrumental purpose. Woolf created this perfect blend and proved that she was two steps ahead of the whole world. She was a modernist because she re-evaluated where society currently stood and where it needed to go and through what means. Woolf paved a way for future writers to explore new territory and have the freedom of self expression. One argument presented by Kelly Tetterton at the The Fifth Annual Virginia Woolf Conference at Otterbein College, June 18, 1995 is that the segue the audience made from the comical to the serious category is through the publication method of the book. She points out, â€Å"Partly yes — we are far more sensitive to issues of gender than those readers of long ago because it’s now part of our social consciousness; even those who might disagree with such a critical approach must now acknowledge the validity of the approach itself. And partly no — we are simply reacting to what we’re given to read. Take a look at the most recent paperback covers for Orlando — one from Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and one from the Quality Paperback Book Club. Anyone casually glancing at these covers is likely to suspect that issues of gender and sexuality are involved in the text beneath the covers. The 1973 HBJ paperback gives us two almost identical figures, one male and one female, divided by a clock; the 1993 QBC book cover is more abstract, but there’s a prominent pink triangle on its spine and back. If we are better readers today, it’s because we have some help from the publishers. † (1995) The second half of her argument is valid because the pictures or hype that surrounds a text greatly affect how a work of literature is viewed. The different publications have a sort of Booker Prize affect on the audience. The different paperback version somewhat manipulates what’s inside and this factor can be used to sway the judgment about the work greatly. Nevertheless, the publication or marketing aspects do not take away from the book itself because part one of the argument presented by Tetterton is just as valid and in sync with the entire critique of the book making it the best book of the twentieth century. â€Å"In 1934, the first issue of the British journal Left Review published a position statement by the Writers’ International, a group of radical writers. The statement included the following thoughts on what role writers should play in the British society:†¦It is time for these, together with the working-class journalists and writers who are trying to express the feelings of their class, to organize an association of revolutionary writers. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 117) Interpreting this role British writers were asked to play in society is the very fundamental of instrumentalism, producing responsibly what the society demands as a whole. The author of Sunset Song, Lewis Grassic Gibbon replied to this message in a mostly positive manner except for two discrepancies. This declaration stated that literature â€Å"is anything but elevated, self-contained or sacrosanct, as the aesthetes had claimed; rather, for the Writers’ International, literature has the potential, even and obligation, to criticize society and to contribute to the building of a socialist future. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 118) Gibbon said, â€Å"I hate capitalism; all my books are explicit or implicit propaganda. †(cited in Danson & Gupta, 2005, p118) The first of the two points Gibbon disagreed with was that capitalism was perhaps dead economically but the literature was thriving, untouched, and unharmed and that there was a huge difference between the two. Second, he thought that writers should actually work for the socialist coast and not just say it. (Danson & Gibbon, 2005) The use of Scottish accents and dialects is present throughout the entire novel. This style earns him points for true instrumentalism. He sticks to his roots, much like the writers of today who add flavorful touches of their mother tongue in their works. From the earlier point about supporting the revolutionary cause of socialism he strips away whatever he can of capitalism by staying true to his origins no matter what. â€Å"The young Chris must choose between life on the land, her Scottish identity, and the English part of her which draws her away from home towards books and education. Yet even once she has made her decision, the way of life of her community is altered forever by the Great War. † (BBC) The story is about a little boy understanding what really is going on around him and how he must deal with everything. The book is runner up to Orlando by Virginia Woolf because it is the best work of instrumentalism at its extreme whereas Woolf’s novel encompasses all the concepts of aesthetics to modernism to instrumentalism. Sunset Song is a great example of a believing in a cause and writing for it to change the society as a whole and lead into a revolution. â€Å"However, it is important that while Sunset Song mourns the loss of a past age, it is not hopeless. The images of light and the morning star in the closing pages of the novel anticipate the rest of the trilogy, emphasizing Gibbon’s desire to construct a future rather than simply mourn the loss of a Golden Age. † (BBC) Gobbin, like his response to the Writers’ International delivers what he has said and paints a window to the future. He can be viewed as a modernist in the sense that he re-evaluated how society was going to reach a certain place and stuck to different ideas and did not conform to capitalistic views. â€Å"Gibbon uses the narrative device of flashforward, or prolepsis, at the start at each of the four main parts of the novel. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 132) His style of writing and the techniques he uses also earns him points for creatively constructing the passage of work. â€Å"All Gibbon’s sympathetic characters – the Guthries, Chae Strachan, Long Rob and, more ambivalently, Ewan Tavendale – are associated with the traditional peasant way of life. In contrast, the characters who embrace small-scale capitalist production – Ellison, Mutch, Munro and Cuddiestoun – are represented as thoroughly unattractive. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 141) The author clearly indicated his leaning towards socialism through his characters and their analysis throughout the book. He successfully achieves his goal of taking a stance against capitalism and that lands him into the runner up spot in the best writer of the twentieth century. â€Å"An important motivation at the core of Gibbon’s writing, closely connected to his political commitment, is his desire to rescue the forgotten, unrecorded histories of Scotland’s poor. † (Danson & Gupta, 2005, p. 150) Gibbon is one of those revolutionaries whole believes that all the toil and blood and hardship that went into making the future what it is today should never be ignored. It should be remembered and used as inspiration to move forward and achieve even greater things. (Danson & Gupta, 2005) Virginia Woolf takes away the award from Gibbon’s for first place because she is a modernist in the true sense. Gobbin beautifully portrays what an instrumentalist should do and inspires people and connects with them on a deep level from the get go. He has always presented his work seriously and believed it to bring about a change and get to the end through revolutionary socialist means. The judgment criteria of this award is not to award a socialist when a socialist revolution is going on or a capitalist when capitalism as it its peek. The goal is to judge literature for what is no matter what guards the standards of society now. Gibbon’s is a story that can be read in the democratically inclined times of today and still have an impact and show the clarity of how one can stick to his beliefs and paint a convincing and moving piece of literature. References Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2005). Aestheticism & modernism: debating twentieth-century literature 1900-1960. Twentieth-century literature : texts and debates. London: Routledge. Brown, R. D. , & Gupta, S. (2004). The popular and the canonical: debating twentieth-century literature 1940-2000. Twentieth-century literature : texts and debates. London: Routledge. Gibbon, L. G. (1981). Sunset song. New York: Schocken Books. Tamir, E. (2007). Gupta/Johnson’s A Twentieth-Century Reader and Johnson’s Debating Twentieth-Century Literature, 1940-2000. Science-Fiction Studies. 34, 343-345. Tetterton, Kelly (1995, June, 18). Virginia Woolf’s Orlando:. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from http://www. tetterton. net/orlando/orlando95_talk. html The Writers. BBC, Retrieved May 19, 2008, from http://www. bbc. co. uk/scotland/arts/writingscotland/writers/lewis_grassic_gibbon/works. shtml Woolf, V. (1928). Orlando: a biography. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

Do you think that Austen makes it possible to feel sympathy for Mrs. Bennet? Essay

It is my opinion that in the novel Pride and Prejudice, Austen does not make it possible to feel sympathy for Mrs. Bennet as much as feeling a certain fondness for her and her silly ways. She is a very amusing and lovable character, and this is exactly what makes her so exciting to read about. From the very beginning, Austen portrays her as a rather silly and superficial woman. Within the first chapter, she paints complete portrait of her character in jut a few lines. â€Å"She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.† The reader, at this point, does not know quite what to make of her, until Austen declares, â€Å"when she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous† and one immediately falls in love with her. â€Å"The business of her life was to see her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news† further conveys how very superficial she is, yet somehow retains the quintessence of being extremely humorous. Mrs. Bennet is one of the principal characters that help set the feel for the entire novel. There lies a sharp contrast between Mrs. Bennet and her husband, who is â€Å"so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve and caprice,† that he quickly loses interest in his wife after the novelty of being newlywed wears off. He subsequently found ways to amuse himself by frustrating his wife constantly. The reader always takes delight in these tiny conspiracies against Mrs. Bennet. For example, when Mrs. Bennet tried to tell her husband about a very eligible bachelor who had just moved into Netherfield, Mr. Bennet feigned disinterest to purposely aggravate her. He then declares that he shall do no such thing as paying Mr. Bingley a visit. The next day, while Mrs. Bingley laments over not having a proper chance to be introduced, and how they will never have such a golden opportunity pass their way again, Mr. Bennet stuns everyone by saying that there is no need for anyone to introduce them, for he has taken care of that himself. Mrs.’s Bennet’s reaction, subsequently, was enormously funny, and that is one of the things that arguably make her the most memorable character in the novel. Her awkward ways, however, have not spared her and her family from embarrassment. She could be rather socially awkward at times, and later Darcy goes on to tell Elizabeth that one of the many reasons her was reluctant to marry her was because of her mother’s awkward behavior around him and others. There were also times when her â€Å"meanness of understanding† could not be masked, and conversations oft turned awkward when she took offence over nothing. For example, when Darcy was speaking about how there is a greater variety of people in the city, Mrs. Bennet thought that he was slandering the village folk and claimed that they â€Å"dine with some four-and-twenty families† at Meryton. Despite all her faults, the reader falls in love with Mrs. Bennet and her â€Å"poor nerves.† Austen has maneuvered her writing flawlessly and portrays Mrs. Bennet’s character beautifully. She is one of the most entertaining characters of Austen’s novel; there is no need to feel sympathy for her, as she is a very superficial woman who does not reflect too deeply on her feelings.

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Hannah Mickelson United States History Hour 4 After suffering three long years of economic hardships, Franklin Roosevelt was elected president which gave the nation hope of overcoming the awful years of the Great Depression. The New Deal was Roosevelt’s response to the depression and became effective as soon as he was elected into office. The New Deal was intended to bring relief, reform, and recovery to the country.Although the New Deal did not end the Great Depression, Roosevelt had great success in reaching his goals of providing relief and reform to the nation, but was unsuccessful in providing recovery for the struggling Americans. Franklin Roosevelt created many different laws and agencies to reach his goals of relief, reform, and recovery. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act provided modest pensions, unemployment insurance, and financial assistance to handicapped, elderly, and depen dent children.It was a system that provided for the welfare of individuals in the new industrial act. The National Recovery Administration as meant to encourage cooperation between businesses, government, and labor to achieve economic progress. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration was an effort to support farmers back into success. Relief was one of the 3 R’s that was a success during Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. The different laws and agencies Roosevelt developed were all to help the people out of the depression, but on the way he came up with different ways for the citizens to feel relief.The Civilian Consercation Corps and the Works Progress Administration were made to design new work programs for people and kept people from starving. It also helped citizens restore their self-respect that they had lost during the hard years of the Great Depression. These agencies provided needed labor for public projects. For women, the depression made their position in the economy worse. More than 20% of women were unemployed, but if the women that did work had their wages lowered a significant amount.If women were raising children, often the oldest male child would have to go out and find work to provide for the household. In the sense of reform, Roosevelt was successful by including Negroes in the government for the first time ever. The New Deal greatly changed the government. Before the Great Depression the government was mostly laissez faire and allowed businesses to act however they pleased. By the end of the New Deal, the government had a much bigger role in regulation businesses and affecting the lives of citizens.Many citizens felt like the new agencies that were created would help greatly in the role of the government as â€Å"an instrument of democratic action. † Many also disagreed and though it was leading the country towards socialism and communism. The New Deal changed the government into a much larger, more individual government . Although World War II was the reason the Great Depression ended, Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal greatly reduced the worst effects of the depression.After the New Deal ended, Roosevelt was still extremely popular and had revived American optimism. When the New Deal ended, the unemployment rate had dropped significantly from 12,830,000 to 7,700,000. There were many things Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal did to lighten the impact of the Great Depression although it did not end it itself. It changed the way the government functioned and the optimism in Americans. It gave citizens hope in overcoming hardships. Roosevelt built a dominant new political coalition, creating a democratic majority.Bibliography McElvaine, Robert. The Great Depression. New York: Times Books, 1947. Print. Ross, Stewart. Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression. Texas: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1998. Print. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. 1995-2010 http://wps. ablongman. com/long_divine_app ap_7/23/5931/1518562. cw/index. html FDR’s New Deal Summary & Analysis. http://www. shmoop. com/fdr-new-deal/summary. html The Effectiveness of Roosevelt’s New Deal. July 29, 2010. http://voices. yahoo. com/the-effectiveness-roosevelts-6418844. html

Politics of Poverty and Social Welfare Policy Essay - 1

Politics of Poverty and Social Welfare Policy - Essay Example Moreover, class, state and race have given shape to the way political actors behaved inside and outside the government possibilities and limits of state action in the United States. In the early American history poverty emanated from the processes of immigration, conquest, and the enforced labor that had accompanied the settlement of Europeans in North America thus the founding of United States. O’Brien( 9) argues that international development has been directing its efforts in global politics of alleviating poverty focusing on the poor and seeking policies that would lift them out of the bondage of poverty, be protected and later be compensated. This discourse needs to pave way for the global politics of welfare state rebuilding focusing on the alliances that are required to be there between the poor and the non-poor. The global neo-liberalism social policy has been facing challenges in the recent times to the extent of being seen as residual safety net approach. The World Ba nk, IMF and other aid agencies are being tasked with eroding the flawed assumption that issues related to poverty could be solved without tackling the issue of equity, social inclusion and the states’ role in encouraging development projects for the good of all social groups. This is because they utilized a more supervisory and directive stance in imposing market principles on the developing nations that are considered as poor. The â€Å"Washington Consensus† on international development in the 1990s was a fragment of the American welfare reform in the 1990s. In the recent times the nations that are still developing have been obliged to embrace the neoliberal-paternalistic policies for dealing with their own communities that are impoverished (E. O'Brien, p.20-22). Most of the welfare states in Europe were built for the workers and not necessarily the poor accommodating the needs of the middle class by provision of services that they would be ready to pay taxes. In Lati n America and Africa, import substitution and state led socialist post colonial development respectively resulted in embryonic partial welfare states. These state lead strategies of development were challenged and later destroyed during the structural period of adjustments. Therefore, to alleviate the issue of poverty we must ensure the country has higher education, primary and city hospitals together with rural clinics, wage related pensions, social pensions as well as transfer of cash to the poor. But to some extent a focus on the poor undermines the commitment of the middle class to pay taxes (E. E. O'Brien, p.10-12). Regulation of working classes in society which Pierre Bourdieu called, â€Å"the left hand† of the state is symbolized by public health care, education, social security, social housing and social assistance is being out of date in the United States or supplemented in the Western Europe by a ruling through its â€Å"right hand† where the courts, the pol ice, and the prison system re gradually becoming active and intrusive in the social spaces’ lower regions. Most governments are trying to undercut the new legitimacy of militants and â€Å"active minorities† within emerging social movements that is acquired through the daily struggles in order to prevent further

What Do You Think Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What Do You Think - Coursework Example For a businessman who derives his satisfaction by spending time with his family after a busy day’s work, this is something that cannot be bought with money. Money is merely a quantitative entity which cannot be defined in terms of happiness and sentiments. For money to play a bigger role this has to be amplified in magnanimous proportions and even then it will fall short of the expected levels. Even after immense research and personal examples, money always lags behind providing happiness within the relevant frameworks of human beings, in the past as well as in current times. Hence it has been proven time and again that money can’t buy the moments which provide glee, satisfaction and immense achievement. These can only be had when there is a dire effort to bring happiness through endeavors which ensure that it stays for a long period of time. This indeed is a given for every human being in this

Acquiring Business Communication Skills Necessary for Business Essay

Acquiring Business Communication Skills Necessary for Business Graduates - Essay Example From this study it is clear that at the same time, in the process of effective communication, all participants who take part in this process must possess proper and equal knowledge, after completion of the process. So, success of information distribution and evaluation, after a communication process, implies adequacy of the concerned communication skills. Good communication skills enjoyed by an individual helps him or her to experience an enhancement in all domains of life. The context of the paper will first identify and evaluate the types of general communication skills and then, will analyze the types of business communication skills. After this, the paper will state some empirical cases, which shows that business communication has significantly helped in improving the business of certain organizations. Finally, the researcher would precisely recommend the required communication skills for students of the University.  This paper outlines that  interpersonal communication skill s are attributes required when individuals are in a face-to-face communication process. It involves two or more individuals. Verbal communication is a type of interpersonal skill. This skill elaborates effectiveness of the speech of an individual.  Non-verbal interpersonal skill comprises God-gifted attributes like, personal appearance and self presentation. The effectiveness of such a communication process depends on body language, gestures, facial expression, signals and physical outlook of the communicator.

Comparison between the way the Europeans treated the Native Americans Essay

Comparison between the way the Europeans treated the Native Americans and the Africans before the 20th century - Essay Example The Europeans began to disregard the hospitality and respect accorded to them by the Native Americans and went ahead to display their insatiable greed for their valued resources and land hence treating them arrogantly. As a result, the Europeans commenced a series of brutal attacks as they invaded the Native Americans’ land and resources. Need to conquer the Native Americans made the Europeans increase their troops in this land (91). As such, this appears to be the reason as to why Kevin Reilly terms their flow to America as â€Å"stars in heaven†. Apart from treating the Native Americans with arrogance attitude, the Europeans also discriminated against the American Indians. According to Reilly, the explorers and colonialists brought in devastating diseases such as small pox, measles, and yellow fever, among others, which diminished and annihilated drastically the entire Native American population. Under this spectrum, the Europeans sought to remove the Native Americans by slaughtering them ferociously, a factor that led to the worst massacre through the enactment of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 and 1890 (164). In this case, the Europeans treated Native Americans as primitive and resilient. This treatment led to the removal of Native Americans from their homes, starvation, and exposure as well as illnesses that aimed at reducing them in numbers. Additionally, the Europeans treated Native Americans with suspicion hence took away their children to schools where they civilized them and ensured that they did not value their customs and traditions. With reference to archival researches as well as academic studies, the Europeans treated both the Native Americans and the Africans almost the same with Africans facing a greater deal of racial discrimination (202). This is so because the Europeans discriminated against Native Americans and Africans on a racial basis and civility. Ideally, the Europeans treated Native Americans as non-civilized beings and as such reduced them by killing them and drawing them into reservations and thereafter taking their children to schools in order to end their belief s and customs. On the other end, Europeans treated Africans as inferior. For three centuries, the Europeans traded Africans as slaves simply because they believed Africans were inferior. The Europeans believed that the continent of Africa was dark and the people living in it were illiterate. Due to their limited information, the Europeans portrayed them as childish and warlike. European explorers saw Africans as savages shaped by their activities, which included hunting and gathering. In addition, Europeans treated Africans with barbarism since they believed that the African soil was fertile, and the climate made it possible for Africans to have â€Å"tropical abundance† hence become lazy due to fatness. In this regard, the Europeans tr

Better Luck Tomorrow Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Better Luck Tomorrow Review - Essay Example Despite the fact that the film is an ensemble, the action that goes on in the film centers on Ben, who is in his last year in high school. He does everything that would give him an impressive identity when applying for college. This means that he has to get several honors and awards that he is not interested in, such as employee of the month award, athletic and student committee honors. He spends his time with friends who are equally gifted, but bored. They engage in shoplifting activities in computer stores and sell exam answers to other students. One day one of them draws a gun at a school Neanderthal, and they become respected by their peers for their notoriety (Huang 99). The main theme of the film comes up with regard to the question as to why teenagers would resort to crime. The film has not featured the parents of these teenagers in the activities that go on. This suggests that there might be parental neglect perhaps because they think that their children are innocent and cann ot do anything wrong. It could also be because parents think that their children are not smart to figure out certain things on their own. The children could also be engaging in these activities because of the many expectations that their Parents have put on them (Huang 100). The movie has been directed in the right atmosphere that creates the energy and intrigue that drives the film. These are mixed with humor and suspense that make the film interesting. The realistic performances by the young and energetic actors is crucial because it fits in when the audience has to suspend disbelief that the young actors are doing things that one would never suspect of them. Despite the fact that the cast has been created from the Asian American atmosphere, the theme cuts across. The theme might be resonant in the Asian American context where parenting is not as important as education (Huang 100). Morality and justice in the film seem mostly absent. The teenagers engage in immoral and activities that could be categorized as crime but they are not punished. They engage in these activities in a manner that suggests that no one is interested in discouraging from doing them. In fact, when one of them draws a gun in school, the other students do not care to report them to the school authorities. Instead, they respect them for their notoriety. The teenagers are free to do anything they please. This shows an identity crisis in a society where there is the lack of role models. The young cannot emulate their parents because their parents are busy doing other things to an extent that they have no time to check on what their children could be doing. The parents have also become careless to an extent that they assume that their children are a responsible lot who cannot engage in any crime or wrong activities. Therefore, they live them at the hands of their educators. Education does not help to model the teenagers into responsible human beings. Instead, the education emphasizes on award s, honors and better grades rather than molding the character of the young students. For instance, entrance into college requires that the students must have scored highly in academics and acquired awards and honors in certain activities. The measure of character is not provided for in those applications. Young people have been left to identify with immorality and prowess in doing wrong and committing crimes. This provides a wakeup call to the audience that

Anthropology Questiuons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology Questiuons - Assignment Example The people of Tiv show frustrations because they believe that they know the meaning of the story better than Bohannan. The differences in understanding of Hamlet are brought about by the fact that the locals do not understand things such as ghosts. These people also believe that water is a good thing and thus they do not believe that someone can drown in the same water. The central points within Hamlet seem to be meaningless in Tiv because the audience have different meanings and understanding of the story. The customs of the Tiv makes them find it alright that Claudius should marry the wife of his brother. From her experience in Africa, Bohannan comes to learn that different cultures understand things differently and as a result there are no values which can be considered to be universal. Womb as Oasis is a story which is based on an ethnographic research which was conducted in Hofriyat which is a village in Sudan. The author went to do the research while aware that females within t he village were taken through genital mutilation rituals but what she witnessed during her visit was way far from expectations. The researcher considered the ritual and the custom of female genital mutilation within this village to be meaningless. As days went by, the perception of the researcher for the female genital mutilation began to change as its significance began to be understood and thus its appreciation. The people within the Hofriyat practice Muslim religion and culture and are presented as having strict beliefs. The people of the village organize themselves into groups but few of them are corporate. Endogamy is practiced in the village with people marrying a close kin and preferring marrying people who did not live far away (Boddy 13). The story presents arguments which help the reader to understand the reason why the Hofriyat people persist on keeping their Pharaonic circumcision culture. Regardless of the pressure that the villagers get for the eradication of the custo m of female genital mutilation, the reasons why they keep it is described to enhance the understanding of the audience. The Pharaonic circumcision within this village is described as being related to the value of â€Å"enclosedness† which the customs and beliefs of the villagers stress within their cultural idioms. The assertion of the paper argues that the Pharaonic circumcision is meaningful for those who go through it because it de-emphasizes the concept of female sexuality while putting emphasis on fertility (Boddy 24). Question 3 The issue of space in the Nationalist Rhetoric of the Hellenic is described within ideological convergences on the politicizing cultural, educational and symbolic structures. The emphasis however lies in the need for cultural protectionism within Greece (Kaldellis 220). The National Rhetoric tries to explain the evolution of Greece and the mixed ideologies which result into disputes with Macedonia. The dispute that occurred between Greece and th e new republic of Macedonia caused challenges in international relationships. The Usage of the name

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet Article

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet - Article Example So it is easily understandable that anonymity serves as the key for such criminals, which they feasibly use as a protective shell. The catch-22 is that the complete censorship of CP on Usenet cannot be implemented easily since that is somewhat impossible without banning the internet because Usenet is basically served by the internet. And why just strike out a war against Usenet when the percentage of CP on the internet is basically even larger? The cutting truth is, pornography can never be simply rooted out and finished forever since it really grows vigorously. Amidst darkness, the scintillating hope is that lately many Usenet communities have been reported to be curbed after important measures observed at the Government level. Internet Service Providers have been forced to shut down Usenet access at many places in order to cut down the incessant demand of child porn. Cuomo crackdown is a well known open war happening against the erotic newsgroups of Usenet. â€Å"NY State attorney Andrew Cuomo has managed to get two more ISPs to join his ‘Crusade’ against Usenet child porn.† (Roettgers, 2008). America Online is among the ISPs who have agreed to do something about blocking CP and once it denies access to newsgroup servers, the Usenet is sure to become a less attractive magnet for cybercriminals. Another fact supporting the rampage against Usenet is that Recording Industry Association of America sued Usenet for trillions of dollars, criticizing it as the network of illicit file sharing sites. Still saying that cyber censo rship alone can play a vital role in stemming down CP is not actually true, since a large number of new Usenet groups and web servers are created daily.

The rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of reaction Essay Add 50 cubic centimetres of hydrogen peroxide to a conical flask Add liquidised celery solution to hydrogen peroxide and place bung over conical flask After 30 seconds, see how much oxygen has been produced Celery Concentrations Volume of Celery (cm3) Volume of water (cm3) Concentration of celery (%) 80 20 80 60 40 60 40 60 40 20 80 20 Results Tables First Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3). Volume of oxygen produced (cm3) Second Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced (cm3) Third Repeat Time (seconds) Celery Concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced (cm3)Â   Averages Time (seconds) Celery concentration (%) Amount of hydrogen peroxide (cm3) Volume of oxygen produced Analysing evidence and concluding From the graph I have drawn using the above table of averages, I can see that as the concentration of the enzyme catalase increases, the amount of oxygen produced also increases. I can also see from my table of results that as the concentration of the enzyme increases, the volume of oxygen increases. This shows that the rate of reaction increases, which supports my prediction. The reason for this is the Collision Theory, as stated in my prediction. The Collision Theory states that the more particles there are in a solution or area, the higher the rate of reaction will be because there are more particles, therefore there are more collisions, meaning there is an increased chance of successful collisions in which the two particles react. In this experiment, when the particles react, they break down the hydrogen peroxide and create oxygen and water. As the volume of oxygen increased with positive correlation to the amount of the enzyme in the mixture, I can see that the rate of reaction was increased, thus proving my prediction to be correct. Please see also attached graph. Evaluation The experiment was relatively easy, in that the variables were easy to identify, control or measure, which means that the readings from the experiment should be very accurate. The apparatus was set up in such a way that I think the results are very reliable. The tubing and bung all fitted well into their respective receptacles, thus no oxygen could have escaped from there. The only time and place the oxygen could have escaped was the period between adding the liquidised celery to the hydrogen peroxide, and placing the bung into the conical flask containing the mixture. Unfortunately, there was nothing I could do to stop this, except try and replace the bung as quickly as I could. There do not seem to be any anomalous results, except in the third repeat when I was using a concentration of forty percent celery. After ten seconds, I measured no oxygen whatsoever, and I presume this was due to a fault in the tubing; perhaps there were slight gaps that I had overlooked during that repeat. However, as this is the only time there is an anomaly within the results, I must assume that the rest of my results are accurate and reliable, and therefore the equipment was set up correctly and performed well. I think that my results are sufficiently reliable to support my conclusion (see above) because they match my prediction and scientific knowledge of this subject, and the figures I have obtained seem reasonable. I know they are accurate because I was careful to be accurate when taking readings from the gas syringe, and I am sure they are reliable because they do match scientific theory, as taken from text books, etc. , and my prediction, which was made using scientific knowledge from various sources. To improve the reliability of the experiment, I think it would be necessary to find a way of feeding the celery into the conical flask, perhaps via another tube system, where it would be possible to add the celery to the hydrogen peroxide without losing any of the oxygen produced.

Founding Brothers Essay Example for Free

Founding Brothers Essay The book, Founding Brothers, tells about the struggles of the American leaders after the revolution to establish a new government and the events that occurred during this time. Famous Americans such as Thomas Jefferson and John Adams along with their opposite points of view about the Constitution are given equal focus. The author brings to light the amazing ability of the colonies to come together, bring about change and break away from England to establish a nation built on democracy. This story is one that every American will have a stake in, as it forms the backbone of our national history. The author of Founding Brothers is Joseph Ellis, who has degrees from Yale and the College of William and Mary. His writing centers on American history, and he won the National Book Award in 1997 for his work American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. One of his other works is titled Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams (Ellis, 2000, title page). Ellis goes right into the details of the debate that was fueling between the two sides in reference to the new American Constitution. He talks about James Madison who, with Alexander Hamilton, wrote the Federalist Papers. Madison was pushing for compromise on the Constitutional question and was doing his best to create a middle ground (2000, p. 52-53). Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and many of the others were already seeing a small example of the legacy they were creating, but didn’t fully understand it yet. The author points this out by saying: Men make history, and the leading members of the revolutionary generation realized they were doing so, but they can never know the history they are making (2000, p. 4). Ellis also points out how important that the decade in which the Constitution was written was to American history. According to him, these ten years of dealing with many of the issues that face the nation set the stage for future events to come, such as the Civil War (200, p. 9-10). During the debate of the Constitutional convention, slavery was a major obstacle and one that would not be settled completely here. The debate that took place in 1790 between those for and against slavery shows not only the struggle to create a new nation but also the fact that these leaders were considering what would happen as the nation grew and changed (200, p. 88). Another major aspect of this time period that the author addresses is the presidency of George Washington and the political divide that began to form among the nation’s leaders. Throughout his role as the first president, Washington was seen as an immortal figure that was beloved and respected. When he decided to retire as president in 1796, he left a strict warning for those he was leaving in charge: to avoid breaking apart and political parties in taking sides against each other. He wanted the nation to be united as one, and also to have its leaders be united as well (Ellis, 2000, p. 128-129). The author gives the reader an interesting view of these major characters by providing behind the scenes details that is often opposite to the stereotypes they are seen as now. For instance, Ellis goes into detail about George Washingtons character during his time as president. For instance, the author says: First, it is crucial to recognize that Washingtons extraordinary reputation rested less on his prudent exercise of power than on his dramatic flair and surrendering it. He was, in fact, a veritable virtuoso of exits (2000, p. 129-130). Along with relevant details about Washingtons health and personality, the reader sees a different side of this famous individual. Throughout the entire novel, Ellis organizes the book in a way that makes it easy to follow the events that occurred right after the revolution up to the time when the Constitution was being written. He provides personal quotations and references from those involved that gives the reader a deeper understanding of how they felt and what they were thinking when living through this time. He also provides the reader with enough information on the historical events that were going on in the country that helped to frame the interactions of the founding fathers. Founding Brothers adds to other his storable writing of this time by giving an inside view of not only the events but also the people who helped to create America during the revolutionary period. He makes it clear how certain obstacles, such as slavery, were not completely agreed upon or settled and how this affected the nation later on in its history. Ellis is able to explain both the short-term view of the founding fathers and the long-term view of the Constitution that they were trying to take. The debates and compromises that made up the writing of the Constitution and the establishment of a new government are laid out to support these points. As a history book, this novel will give the reader a good understanding of what was going on behind the scenes as the nation was born. Its clear explanations and interesting takes on the first leaders will hold the readers attention throughout the book. It is a valuable addition to the many writings that have been done on the revolutionary war and the writing of the Constitution. References Ellis, Joseph. (2000). Founding Brothers. New York: Vintage Books.

Example answers to Questions on Organisational Change

Example answers to Questions on Organisational Change Introduction to the Organisatiion This assignment is solved using Shore to Shore Logistics Pvt. India Ltd (STS). It is a branch of Khanna Paper Mills (KPM). The organization deals in the Logistics field. It had a number of clients who are in this field. Introduction to working Scenario STS is a transporting unit initiated by KPM and works as an intermediary between KPM and Transporters Its main task is to arrange the trucks at a reasonable cost and then follow the clients of KPM till the consignment is reached at the destination. On the other hand when raw material arrives at a port, it arranges the containers and follows the service providers till the consignment reaches its base station Amritsar. The STS has a large number of employee who work in different departments. The hierarchy of the organisation is as follows: Managing Director -> Director General Manager -> General Manager -> Sr. Manager -> Manager -> Executives. Recently it has to undergo a number of changes with respect to its functionality so that the work may be finished with greater speed. New technologies had been adopted specially in the field of Information Technology and other departments. Discus three models of Change Management. (AC: 1.1, 4.1) ADKARs Model of Change Manegement: This model was first published in Prosci Change Management Series in 1998 after researching on around 300 companies that were affecting change management. The model is sequential and cumulative in its approach. It has major 5 stages to effect change management. Awareness: It is related to the change whether there is need to change. If there is, what areas should be focussed for change. Desire: There is a lot of difference in desire and demand. Desire is an abstract and vague term that can be weaker whereas the demand has robust background of resources. Everyone should have desire to participate in the change otherwise demand cant e met with. Knowledge: It the factor that vests with the leads. The participating persons should have knowledge of the change that will be effected and the possible outcome of the change. Ability: It is the capability of change. It should be slow in action but fast in result. The strategy implementing team must be able enough to rollback the action in case the change is not successful. Reinforcement: It is the capacity to retain the position once attained. There should be break points that may be created and one breakpoint should be followed by the other on successful completion of one breakpoint.[1] Lewins Change Theory: This model is a three stage model for change management. The stages are Unfreeze: This stage is related with the change of human behaviour. It is unchangeable under normal circumstances, however the knowledge and desire to have more always has a positive relationship with the change. More you learn more you get. This stage is for changing the existing beliefs, scenarios, triggering need for learning etc. In other words, we concentrate on the areas that need to be observed and changed. Change: When we have recognised the areas and opened up the avenues for change, we can effect the change. In this stage we make up our mind to explore and learn new eras of improvement. New technology is adopted, experts are assigned to train the less trained employees. The environment is changed. ReFreeze: This stage is the final stage of the model in which the changes are frizzed for the current scenarios so that these may not affect and get affected by other factors. [2] Lippitts Phases of Change Theory Lippitt, Watson, and Westley contributed to Lewins model and created a seven-step theory. It focuses more on the role and responsibility of the change agent than on the evolution of the change itself. Information is continuously exchanged throughout the process. The seven steps are: Diagnose the problem. Assess the motivation and capacity for change. Assess the resources and motivation of the change agent. This includes the change agents commitment to change, power, and stamina. Choose progressive change objects. In this step, action plans are developed and strategies are established. The role of the change agents should be selected and clearly understood by all parties so that expectations are clear. Examples of roles are: cheerleader, facilitator, and expert. Maintain the change. Communication, feedback, and group coordination are essential elements in this step of the change process. Gradually terminate from the helping relationship. The change agent should gradually withdraw from their role over time. This will occur when the change becomes part of the organizational [3] Suggest an appropriate model of change for your chosen organisation. Discuss your reasons for suggesting the model. (AC: 1.2) Keeping in view our organisation, we suggest the application of Lippitts model. Justification: This model takes into consideration Kewins approach and extends it. On the other hand ADKAR model is also based on the same lines but is more rigid in its approach. In the concerned organisation, third parties were called from their respective fields for evaluation of the existing system and suggest changes that improve the functionality of the entire system. There were transfers from STS to KPM and vice versa. A new Vice President for Operations was appointed who introduced a number of changes to smooth the functionality. The main changes introduced were as follows: The VP stressed on the IT department with full force because this department had the potential to undergo an upliftment. Interviews were conducted for appraisals and executives were promoted. Open opinions were asked for change. Executives were called at the KPM for training. In the initial stages the employees were reluctant to go change but the management made them round in due course of time. The training was over and the executives were restored to their orginial work place. After this study was conducted and those who added much to their performance were promoted. In this way the organisation freezed the change. Strategic planning stands for planning for the long-term. Keynes said that in the long run we are all dead because a long run is composed of a number of short periods. But the time frame of this type planning in many organizations is from three to five years. Due to this timeframe, there are several challenges associated with long-range planning. These include: [4] Creating a plan that is breakthrough in its orientation. Getting all stakeholders to commit to the organizations strategies and to follow through on implementation of critical activities, and decreasing cycle time in the planning process. This sort of orientation necessitates approaches to strategic planning that involve all employees and stakeholders in the planning process and a planning process that can occur within a shortened time frame. There are a number of techniques that can be used for this purpose: Change = (Dissatisfaction)(Vision)(First Steps) > Resistance [5] The Future Search Method: This method was developed by Marvin Weisbord and Sandra Janoff of USA in 1980s. This method is for adopting System-wide strategic planning and Enabling diverse and potentially conflicting groups. To find common ground for constructive action and Finding new approaches to tough issues. The participants generally are in the form of parallel array of 88 tables and sitting 64 persons. The Time duration it takes to decide may take from two to three days. The Real Time Strategic Change Method: This method was developed by Kathie Dannemiller and Robert Jacobs of USA in 1980s. This method is useful when we have to design and implement the whole system for change and create organisation-wide alignment with mission, vision and strategy. It is limited only by size of venue and the event takes two to three days to complete. Its main influence is observed on group dynamics and Organisation development. The time it considers for implementation is Two months. The participants include mixed stakeholder group. The tables are round and can accommodate 8 persons per table. The key focus areas are the sponsors who want to tell or sell the product or is unwilling or unable to meet design principles or sponsor has no intention of implemention of action plans. The model has been used by Boeing (777 Development), Ford Motor Company, Marriott Hotels and Mobil. The Open Space Technology: This model was developed by Harrison Owen of USA in 1985 and presented in Annual international conferences on Organisation Transformation. The primary purpose of this model is creation of self-managed collaborative meetings that generate high levels of ownership and Resolving complex or conflict-ridden issues in a short period of time. Other purpose is team development and creating strong community spirit. The space requirement is limited only by size of venue and the event takes one, two or three days to complete. The implementation requires two weeks. The main participants are sponsor and consultant/facilitator (although some practitioners work with an RTSC-style design team). This model requires a large room that will accommodate the whole group seated in a circle or several concentric circles in tens. In this model emphasis is laid whether the sponsor wants to tell/sell or control the process, predetermined outcome is required, answer is already known and there is hidden agenda.The model has been implemented at The Engineering Council Diageo, Petroleum Development Oman, and Prudential [6] The organisation under consideration applied the mix of these three strategies. The sponsors are the transporters whose will is to get the most out of the pocket of the company and the executive who want to minimize the burden on the company. The transporters were reluctant to provide service as the volume of work is increased during the seasonal hours causing problems and conflicts therein. On the other hand the consignments were sometimes delayed or misreported. To overcome this problem a meeting was called and the solution developed was to implement an IVR system that took 3 months in its implementation. The solution was developed by Beas Software Solutions and is running fine. After the implementation the policy adopted was that the driver will be given an incentive of 1 Pound for calling the IVR system and penalised 5 Pounds for not calling. The IVR is capable of detecting the city from where it is receiving call and automatically throws the mails to the concerned parties. This resulted in regulation of the transporting facilities and the clients are seemed to be also happy. Task 2: Understand Issues relating to strategic change in the organization Discuss the generic background to change that exists in modern economy, and the specific drivers that motivated your chosen organisation to consider Change. (AC:2.1,2.2) World appears to be integrating economically, politically and culturally. Irrespective of the national boundaries huge developments in information, communication and technology has taken place. Ownership patters of corporate sector all over the world have become more complex like joint ventures, cross-border acquisitions etc. Global strategies have emerged in the production of goods and services, distribution and management of labour. These have had an immense impact on business activities. The world economy is now more closely interlinked and the finance has become a global resource. Ricky (2009) In the current economic circumstances organizations are facing both external and internal forces that ultimately make change unavoidable. External forces such as new work force demographics; changing expectations about quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction; and new technologies are dramatically affecting the operating environment in organizations globe wise. Internally, financial limitations, the condition to do more with less, cross-functional groups, mergers and acquisitions and empowered employees all influences organizations position to compete in the global marketplace In case of the concerned organisation, the following are the factors that lead to the change: Increase in area of operations. The organisation has opened its new offices in Canada, UK and US for procuring raw materials. There is need for more manpower to manage the tasks related to the ports. There is dire need of regularising the transport of consignments (Inbound/ Outbound). The competition in the market requires new innovative ideas to be developed. The spreading of education and awareness requires recycling of paper waste to optimize the performance and less cutting of trees. Waste Management needs restructuring. The world is fast enough and we need a centralised database to keep the transactions at one location whether these are performed in India or abroad. In the light of above facts, the organisation under consideration needs change and should adopt a changing policy. Following are some of the resources implications Human and other Capacity Requirements Human force is one the major resource that is hard to change for their natural instincts. We need to develop employees for their skills and use potential sources of these resources. Also, other capacity needs required such as internal systems, management structures, engaged partners and Network NOs and POs, and a supportive legal framework etc. Financial Requirements The finance required to implement this strategy is one of the most crucial factors. There should be proper allocation of funds required to implement the strategy. Estimate of Project Lifespan, Sustainability, and Exit Strategy We should consider a cost benefit analysis before falling into action. The timespan required to complete the project, the resources diverted and compensation of the same for the time span must be considered. Thomas (1992) Strategic Change Management Plan may only be considered complete when these components have been defined, at least in broad terms. As the project moves into change implementation, several of these components are the defined in more detail and tested in reality Task 3: Develop systems for understanding and involving others in the process of change Identify the key Stakeholders in your chosen organisation and propose systems to involve those stakeholders in the planning and implementation of change. (AC:3.1) Karen (2008) A stakeholder is a personality in business who has the greatest stake or the ability to influence the outcome of the strategy. They may break the solution even. The person may be internal or external who has the highest rank and cant be influenced by the strategic forces. Different stake holders have different expectations and can be involved in the process of strategy building in a number of ways as follows: Involve them in problem solving. Keep them up to date of standing towards corporate objectives Take actions on feedback received by them Mobilize the correct resources at the right moment to recognizethe implementation plan In order to involve the stake holders to the process of change the new chief executive officer of STS carried out the following actions; Simplification of Financial Services: For the purpose of involving the customers to the process of change the Chief Executive Officer of STS adopted a customer focused approach. The CEO simplified the ever complex financial services in terms of their understanding and it was now made very simple to understand. Now the customers know that what they are investing into and what return their investment is expected to yield at the end of the contract. Earlier customers have always been confused between the complex calculations. Now the customers are happy because they dont need any financial interpreter to understand the ins and outs of the services offered by the STS. Workforce Development: An-other very important stake holder of the organization is the employees. Mark (2005) An employee is a person whom we must rely. The intention of the employee plays a vital role in success or failure of the project. The CEO of STS took into confidence the employees. He assured more incentives and job rotation at different places to the employees for their overall development. He also made arrangement for necessary training and development programmes. The CEO arranged for their further studies with the leading colleges and IMTs so that their skill may be developed more. Creating Distinct Market Place: the CEO of the company purchased more land for having in house container and custom clearance house. It will unleash the power of the internal as well as external trade. The land will be used as a warehouse where others may also store their inventory. This will diversify the business and help in promoting the output of the STS. Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the systems you proposed in task 3a. (AC:3.3) The system discussed in the section A involved a number of persons as stake holders into consideration before in acting the strategy. The need for change in these factors is made keeping in view the internal as well as external forces. The STS was performing in the service sector of arranging the transporters for only one client that is its parent firm KPM whereas due to the volume of business being stable in one direction and to explore more opportunities for revenue earning, new eras are explored. This strategy really worked in the real time environment. The employees and govt agencies showed keen interest in the development plan and setup of a new industry in the border district where no major investment takes place in wake of war at any time with Pak. Mark (2005) The other system that the Chief Executive Officer developed was to train the workforce. The employees were addressed about the need for the change and the possible proposed changes and before implementing the change assuring them that they will not be over burdened with this new implementation. it is very essential that the workforce is capable enough to perform their duties into the new environment. For the purpose workforce was developed with rotating job descriptions and Management Development Programme was conducted by a Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad(Delhi) to train the employees about how to respond to the change. Finally the Chief Executive Officer had to respond to the most vital reason for the change that is the fact that STS was trading with only its parent firm KPM and arranging trucks for its consignments. But now the policy has changed and diversification is desired which is possible only with the help of the employees. Along these lines media w as involved in the development of the organisational strategy that helped it in procuring necessary licences and tie ups with the govt and other agencies. Discuss how you would develop a change management strategy with the key stakeholders. (AC:3.2) Stakeholder management is critical to the success of introducing change in the organization . The more people are going to be affected by change. These may be the person who have the power to influence the current project. There are both possibilities, if the results are coming to the expectations, they will be great supporter otherwise opposers. Harriet (2005) Stakeholder Management Strategy is an important discipline that successful people use to win support from others. It helps them ensure that their projects succeed where others fail. Rob (2008) Stakeholder Analysis is the technique used to identify the key people who have to be won over. You then use Stakeholder Planning to build the support that helps you succeed. The benefits of using a stakeholder-based approach are that: We should take into confidence the stakeholders so that they may guide in a better way by their valuable opinions in times of need and keep the project on the right track. The in time communication to the stakeholders give them chance to evaluate the current and the future output of the action being implemented. In this way they can stop the wrong actions, take corrective measure and even encourage the team to carry on in case there is complete success. It builds a sense of confidence in the team. What strategy would you use to manage resistance to the change you developed in your chosen organisation? (AC:3.4) In the opinion of the researcher in the case of STS, following points are worth mentioning There will be a workflow process in order to achieve results for mutual benefits for employees and organization. There will be an Authority Process in order to direct behaviour in the interests of the organization and its participants. There would be a Reward and Penalty Process to induce people to behave in away required by the interests of the organization and its participants and / or to behave in a way making associated activity possible. As in the case of truck drivers they will be given incentive to call and penalty in non compliance. There will be a Perpetuation Process to maintain, replenish, and make adequate the quantity and quality of social and natural resources utilized by the organization and its participants. There must be an Identification Process to develop a concept of the wholeness, uniqueness and significance of the organization. This is usually accompanied by efforts to select and define clearly understood emotionally toned symbols, concepts, or other such factors which will help individual participants identify the uniqueness of the organization as a whole, which in turn automatically helps to define the uniqueness of the organization in the larger environment in which it is embedded. There will be a communication process to provide for the exchange of information, ideas, feelings and values etc utilized in all activities to the stakeholders. This is automatic through the IVR system. There must be an evaluation process which establishes criteria for and defines levels of utility and value for people, materials, ideas, and activities and which rates them and allocates them to these levels. Task 4: Plan to implement models for ensuring ongoing change Explain the appropriate models for implementing change that suite your chosen organisation. (AC4.1) Jane (1998) A model for incorporating change is defined as the overall strategy to incorporate the change into the organizational environment. A model is implemented in the following steps: Access the necessity of change Forming a powerful alliance Creating an idea for change Communicate the vision Remove barriers To incorporate the change in the environment the CEO first conducted a SWOT analysis. He recognised that the company in entering into new avenues and hence need diversification of activities. For this purpose the CEO reserved the resources that may be required from time to time for the change. The CEO also implemented the proposed model to incorporate the change. He decreased the profitability by lowering the prices for services and introduced new warehouse at nominal charges to the interested parties. Since the custom house is set up, the cycle time is reduced for the importers and exporters that started trade with its neighbouring countries like Pak. How would you implement your model(s) in task 4a in your chosen organisation? (AC:4.2) The plan was implanted into a well defined phases as: Discovery Phase: this phase involved the justification of the need for change in the organisation. The employees and other stake holder in confidence. The discovery clarified the need for change, strengths and weaknesses in the organisation. Analysis Phase: In this phase the discovered resources were analysed for their pros and cons. Simulation: A simulation of the model was performed by taking into consideration the opinions and mock transactions with the parties from selected population. Conclusions: Finally the theoretical conclusions were drawn on the basis of simulation. The conclusions were proved to be useful and the change decision was enforced. Keeping in view the changes the CEO developed a new Behavioural framework mainly focusing 8 behavioural variables which are; Think of the Goal Let the old be changed for new to take place Compensate the employees as per their activity and skill level Build a team spirit Participation in decisive actions Learn and Grow No Communication gap Speed Balance and Grip in action What improvements do you expect to achieve by implementing your chosen model(s), and how would you measure these? (AC: 4.3) In this implementation phase land acquisition was made. Govt License and other formalities were met with. New agreements were made with the parties in the same line of trade. choices of services. STS launched new and ground-breaking services. It has facilitated to change the way in which consumers can look at their retirement income. STS is providing the levels of return promised and being responsible for any risks associated with doing so it provides more certainty about levels of income for the consumer. In short as the result of the change implement by the CEO of STS the company rebuilt its brand reputation, became more customer focused, started to provide more innovative products and became more popular among the consumers and ultimately the business has grown to a gigantic extent As the part of their strategy STS also undertook an audit trail to observe the behaviour of the organisation in the market and in the employees i.e. external and internal. The analysis revealed that STS was firmly positioned within the market. Its workforce was known for their considerable expertise, innovation and clarity of communication. The external audit also helped to determine where STS was placed in relation to its competitors. This audit provided a very important vision to the decisions that were needed to initiate the change process. [1].Prosci 1367 S. Garfield Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 USA [2] Lewin/Scheins Change Theory by Ross A. Wirth, Ph.D. (2004) [3]Lippitt, R., Watson, J. and Westley, B. The Dynamics of Planned Change. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1958 [4]USING REAL TIME STRATEGIC CHANGE FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION LORI L. SILVERMAN, OWNER Partners for Progress 1218 Carpenter Street Madison, WI 53704-4304 608.241.8082 (phone) [emailprotected] (e-mail) [5]USING REAL TIME STRATEGIC CHANGE FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION LORI L. SILVERMAN, OWNER Partners for Progress 1218 Carpenter Street Madison, WI 53704-4304 608.241.8082 (phone) [emailprotected] (e-mail) [6]Leiths Guide to Large Group Intervention Methods Copyright  © 2004 by Martin Leith, all rights reserved. Martin Leith Limited  · 10 Pembroke Street  · Bristol BS2 8PZ  ·United Kingdom Phone: 0117 942 2727 (+44 117 942 2727) email: [emailprotected] Website: www.martinleith.com [7]Karen Sobel Lojeski, Uniting the Virtual Workforce, 2008, pages 204Karen Sobel Lojeski, Uniting the Virtual Workforce, 2008, pages 204. Others

Beowulf From Early Anglo-Saxon Text to Hypertext :: Internet Medieval Literature Essays

Beowulf From Early Anglo-Saxon Text to Hypertext This paper describes the combined use of Mosaic and the World Wide Web as tools that will both allow scholars and researchers to examine ancient manuscripts without the risk of physical damage to the manuscripts, and facilitate greater general public access to the material. The British Library is currently engaged in a project to establish a full image archive relating to the transmission down the ages of one of the earliest known Anglo-Saxon poems: Beowulf (thought by some to have been written in the eighth century AD, and rife with fighting, slaying and mythical monsters), as part of its commitment to increase access to its collections, by use of digital imaging and networking technology. Images of parts of the Beowulf manuscript are scanned in 24-bit colour, both under visible and ultraviolet light. These images may be of entire pages, or just single words or letters. The resulting image files are huge: at a maximum size of 2320 by 3072 pixels each image takes up about 20-25 MB, however they can reveal even more information than would physical examination of the original manuscripts, for example allowing the detection of alterations to the manuscripts and revealing letters that have been obscured by repairs to eighteenth century fire damage. The Library is experimenting with the use of Mosaic and the World Wide Web as a front end to provide initial access to materials in the Library's Reading Rooms in London. Mosaic was chosen as a powerful, simple-to-use interface suitable for users who may not be computer-literate. By use of off-line image preparation, server-side scripts performing on-the-fly image manipulation and caching of images, users are able to search quickly for detail in the images, while the hypertext features of the Web allow cross references to background material to be presented. Introduction The British Library is the national library of Great Britain. It has amongst its collection of over 15 million books and other documents, several hundred thousand ancient manuscripts. One of these is a unique copy of the epic poem Beowulf, which tells of the deeds of the eponymous hero, king of the Geats; of his battles with the half-human fiend Grendel and the monster's mother, and ends with his mortal combat with a fiery dragon. The poem is one of the oldest existing Anglo-Saxon poems, having been written down in the early eleventh century AD, but thought by some to have been composed even earlier in the eighth century.

Essay --

There was once a point in time when people fought for the right to do what people in this day and age would an everyday ritual. They had to live with the day to day struggle of having to sneak to pray to their God. The ability to express your thoughts and concerns verbally could cost you your life. Decisions were made without the input of citizens. Like a child, citizens were to be seen and not heard. Independence and freedom was craved so badly, it drove people to leave the place they once called home. Men gathered together collaborating ideas on what would soon be our Constitution. July 4, 1776, life was no longer as some new it. American people were as happy as a child on Christmas. Freedom is something many of us take for granted. To them, freedom was more than just a right. It was the privilege to your opinion out loud. It was the privilege to walk in the building to worship God. It was the privilege to have the ability to make decisions that could impact your country. People lo nged for that right and it was appreciated. America was now a place where people could live freely. There were no strict rules that bounded you from life. Now, according to G.Gordon Liddy, America is no longer this way. According to him and his novel, when he was a kid this was a free country. In the book, "When I Was a Kid, This Was a Free Country," by G.Gordon Liddy, Liddy tells the reader how America has made a drastic change from the 1930's. Using reflections from his childhood, Liddy compares life styles of today's time period to life styles during the time period of his childhood. According to Liddy, his generation is the last generation to remember what the country was like when it was free. Through his years of radio programming, Liddy says "... ...d have the mental stability to take on the world. My thoughts on this book vary. I think that Liddy's expectations of the world is ridiculous. It may be my Democratic beliefs kicking in, but to compare the world to then and now isn't logically to me. Liddy should not be shocked to see such changes in the world. Things change. The world is more advanced now. You can't do things you could do in the 30's. Technology is more advanced, Children are being forced to grow up quicker, educational systems have now raised their standards, and views on life aren't seen eye to eye anymore. To me, For Liddy to even compare the world to his childhood is like comparing a child to its behavior when it's one, to the behavior of the child when it's 18. I presume that the purpose of Liddy's book was to inform the readers how America may seem is not how she once was. He wanted to adv Essay -- There was once a point in time when people fought for the right to do what people in this day and age would an everyday ritual. They had to live with the day to day struggle of having to sneak to pray to their God. The ability to express your thoughts and concerns verbally could cost you your life. Decisions were made without the input of citizens. Like a child, citizens were to be seen and not heard. Independence and freedom was craved so badly, it drove people to leave the place they once called home. Men gathered together collaborating ideas on what would soon be our Constitution. July 4, 1776, life was no longer as some new it. American people were as happy as a child on Christmas. Freedom is something many of us take for granted. To them, freedom was more than just a right. It was the privilege to your opinion out loud. It was the privilege to walk in the building to worship God. It was the privilege to have the ability to make decisions that could impact your country. People lo nged for that right and it was appreciated. America was now a place where people could live freely. There were no strict rules that bounded you from life. Now, according to G.Gordon Liddy, America is no longer this way. According to him and his novel, when he was a kid this was a free country. In the book, "When I Was a Kid, This Was a Free Country," by G.Gordon Liddy, Liddy tells the reader how America has made a drastic change from the 1930's. Using reflections from his childhood, Liddy compares life styles of today's time period to life styles during the time period of his childhood. According to Liddy, his generation is the last generation to remember what the country was like when it was free. Through his years of radio programming, Liddy says "... ...d have the mental stability to take on the world. My thoughts on this book vary. I think that Liddy's expectations of the world is ridiculous. It may be my Democratic beliefs kicking in, but to compare the world to then and now isn't logically to me. Liddy should not be shocked to see such changes in the world. Things change. The world is more advanced now. You can't do things you could do in the 30's. Technology is more advanced, Children are being forced to grow up quicker, educational systems have now raised their standards, and views on life aren't seen eye to eye anymore. To me, For Liddy to even compare the world to his childhood is like comparing a child to its behavior when it's one, to the behavior of the child when it's 18. I presume that the purpose of Liddy's book was to inform the readers how America may seem is not how she once was. He wanted to adv

Violent Video Games and Aggression in Children Essay -- Argumentative,

Over the past 30 years, playing video games has become one of the most popular hobbies worldwide. Not only has the video game industry become a multi-billion dollar industry, but it has attracted people from all age types. While video games today are played by both kids and adults, there are many issues being raised regarding the effects of video games. More particular, is the effect that violent video games may be having on children. Some critics argue that video games are direct indicators of child aggression while video game supporters argue that there is no direct link between child aggression and violent video games. While many people have their own personal stances, this issue is unique because it is unfolding everyday. Scientists and researchers all over the world are continuously doing research regarding the effects of video games on children. Even though this remains a field of uncertainty for researchers, parents should definitely be involved in being aware of what it is th at they’re children are playing when they play video games. While many different case studies have been done all over the world, scientists have yet to prove that there is a direct correlation between violent video games and child aggression. Since the start of this quarter, this has been an issue that I have been doing extensive research on. Despite looking into several scholarly sources, I was surprised to see that many of my findings were pretty consistent with one another. For the mort part, what I found through my research was a bunch of statistics from case studies and the interpretation of those statistics from renowned scientists. In many cases, statistics and studies showed slight indications that violent video games have an effect on c... ...Lincoln. , Retrieved from http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/caa/Multimedia/EyeOnPsiChiInterview.pdf Paton, G. (2012, April 03). Violent video games are fueling rise in aggressive behavior. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/9183385/Violent-video-games-are- fuelling-rise-in-aggressive-behaviour.html Kravets, D. (2011, June 27). States may not ban sale, rental of violent video games to minors. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/06/violent-video-games-scotus/ Tang, W. (2009, December 13). Abstract realism in video games and aggression. Retrieved from http://vgresearcher.wordpress.com/2009/12/13/abstract-realism-in-video-games-and-aggression-barlett-rodeheffer-2009/ Leung, R. (2009, February 11). Can a video game lead to murder?. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-702599.html

Pre-Romanticism

The Romantic penned (1785-1830) Contrast with Neoclassicism The replacement of reason by the imagination The shift from a mimetic to an expressive orientation for poetry, and indeed all literature. Pre-romanticism & Romanticism This period marks the end of Augustan Age.The main themes of Augustan Age were: reason rationality no feelings typical conception of the high social class The American Revolution (1775-1783) where the declaration of independence stated that America was an independent nation. The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)transformed Britain from agricultural to industrial country In rural communities the destruction of omen industry was accompanied by a rapid growth of the process of enclosing the old open-field and communally worked farms into privately owned agricultural holdings. The peasants deprived of their lands, were forced to go to work in factories Mechanization meant a new form of slavery The economic and social ills were clearly seen by the people, suffering was largely confined to the poor: the diseases of industrial towns, the misery of child labor, and the crowds of underpaid workers.The suffering of the new class, the proletariat, led o the first strikes The Great French Revolution (1789) which introduced the democratic ideals: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for everybody Revolution in France took a violent course: the accession to power by Jacobin extremists; the â€Å"September Massacres† of the nobility in 1792 followed by execution of the royal family brought England into a war against France(1793) Revolutionary and Napoleonic period in France (1789-1815) Under the influence of the Revolution the Irish peasants plotted a rebellion against English landlords. It broke out in 1798 but was cruelly drowned in blood Ideals of the Romanticism As a consequence to the chaotic lifestyle they tried to find a shelter in nature The feelings are: sadness, melancholy and meditation Romanticism was a movement against the progress of b ourgeois civilization It was an effort to do away with the injustice, the exploitation of man by man. The poets of this period are called graveyard poets because the countryside became place of death and contemplation The romanticists made emotion, and not reason, the chief force of their works. This emotion found its expression chiefly in poetry

Shouldice Hospital, Ltd. Case

Starting as a small hospital, the Shouldice Hospital has had a rather long history since the end of the Second World War. And At the time of his death in 1965, the founder Dr. Shouldice’s longtime associate, Dr. Nicholas Obney was named surgeon-in-chief and chairman of the board of Shouldice Hospital Limited and under his leadership, the volume of activity continued to increase, reaching a total of 6,850 operations in the 1982 calendar year. And primaries represented approximately 82% of all hernias operations performed at Shouldice in 1982.It has been very successful. And now it tries to meet people’s needs and make this as good a place to work as possible. It has been a comfortable place for patients to stay. During their stay, patients were encouraged to take advantage of the opportunity to explore the premises and make new friends. Also, it has been a nice place for doctors who teach each other, encourage a group effort, have regular working hours and own desirable salary. Furthermore, the facility and administration here is very humanized for both patients and staff.As a result, patients are attracted to the hospital by its reasonable rates. Shouldice Hospital has specialized in hernia surgery (the Shouldice method) and is able to provide patients with low risk, low recurrence, and peace of mind. Shouldice achieves outstanding results as a low price and at high profit because everything done by the hospital is designed to maximize the difference between perceived quality and the value of the service provided to the patients on one hand and the cost of providing the service on the other. They do this by carefully screening patients.Patients are active participants in the service delivery process as presented with the utensils to prep themselves for surgery. The avoidance of general anesthetics allows a wide range of involvement of patients. The staff is freed from much of the disagreeable workload due to part-time positions. The cost of housek eeping, laundry, and food is also minimized. The clinic structures hospital jobs that involve more counseling and positive interaction with the patients. Shouldice Hospital is different from other hospitals in that Patients do not feel that they are staying in a hospital.It is Shouldice’s intentions to make its patients feel as if they are taking a vacation. When patients arrive to the clinic, typically they join up with 30 to 34 other patients and their friends and families in the waiting room. Patients with similar jobs, backgrounds, or interests are assigned to the same room to help the patients establish relationships and become more comfortable. The facility is also designed so that patients have to interact and walk around. There are no televisions are telephones in the patients’ rooms.This gives the patients the opportunity to tour the facility, visit each other’s rooms, lounging in the Florida room, and making use of the light recreational facilities. Sh ouldice Hospital uses a focus strategy. The Hospital’s market focus is on a narrow segment of potential patients who have a hernia and the patients are predominantly male, older in age, and essentially in good health. The hospital has knowledge of the large target market, as there were 600,000 such operations in the United States in 1979. Shouldice uses an internal market strategy.Shouldice’s doctors are dedicated to quality of the Shouldice method. The doctors are after several years at Shouldice must decide if this is something they want to do for the rest of their lives because eventually they will lose touch with other medical disciplines. Few elect to leave. Nurses at the facility are people oriented and work to assist patients as well as they can. The Staff is flexible and team oriented. Shouldice implements a sharing policy where the employees are paid a part of the profit in addition to their fixed salaries.This sharing is done based on their contribution towar ds the success of the firm. This entices them to work hard and put in more efforts. From the management point of view, they have given their staff a lesser work load and weekends off. This makes it able for the staff to spend more time with their families and keeps them content with their jobs. After discussion, our group has four suggestions for Shouldice Hospital in terms of their problem. First, author mentions that there are some people realize that they don’t have hernias when they talk to doctor in hospital.Therefore, hospital can increase its capacity by reduce this kind of error. Our group suggests that hospital should improve its questionnaire to make sure consumer can totally understand the questions. If there are some uncertainties in the questionnaire, nurses or doctors should call individual to make sure he/she has certain external types of abdominal hernias. Secondly, we think that Shouldice Hospital should not operate on Saturday. Even through Saturday operatio n can increase capacity by 20%, it is hard to control the operation quality. As O’Dell said† On the other hand, I'm oncerned about this talk of Saturday operations. We are already getting good utilization of this facility. And if we expand further, it will be very difficult to maintain the same kind of working relationships and attitudes. Already there are rumors floating around among the staff about it. And the staff is not pleased. † Right now, Shouldice hospital is much more efficient and effective than other hospital. We believe they make excellent utilization of their resource. Therefore, Saturday operation may cause some overload on hospital’s capacity which will jeopardize the current process flow.Thirdly, we believe that offers similar opportunities such as eye surgery is not a good idea. The reason is that the business bottleneck of Shouldice Hospital is the capacity of process rather than the demand in market. So, they should focus on how to impro ve the capacity to service more patients. Moreover, offering other surgery may harm their professional image in hernias area. Hence, our group suggests that they just stay on the hernias field and try to extent capacity. Fourth, we strongly suggest that Shouldice Hospital should build another hospital in the United States.Nowadays, 42% of their patients are come from the United States. Round-trip fares for travel to Toronto from various major cities in the North American continent ranged from roughly $200 to $600, as compare that the total operation fee including hospital is just around $1000. So the travel cost becomes a big financial burden for patients. Hence, open a new hospital in American will dramatically reduce the travel cost for customers and expand business. There are two big issue concerns with the new hospital, where to open and how to operate.Our group proposes that Shouldice Hospital should conduct a marketing research to find out where their current American patient come from and the transportation for some big city in United States to decide where to invest new hospital. About the operation of new hospital, quality control is the most important issue to maintain our brand reputation. They should relocate some experienced doctor from Toronto to American to train and direct the local doctor. Moreover, they should utilize the successful process flow into the new hospital and make some change by considering the difference culture and condition.Finally, Shouldice Hospital should be marketing their service, while the main strategy of marketing is to clarify where is hospital and what kind of operation is truly theirs. Because there are many individuals or institution on the market want to attract customers by using our brand image. But, the quality of their service is not very good. This phenomenon will jeopardize our brand image and destroy our reputation. It is the responsibility of hospital to help people distinguish the fake one. Our group belie ves that some marketing activity will well-build hospital’s brand image and help them success in the long-term.